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New Criminal Bills India : Key changes explained

UPSC EXAM ORIENTED
pic credit : LiveLaw Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized that the new laws are designed to end the “tareekh-pe-tareekh” era, ensuring that justice is delivered within a stipulated timeframe of three years. He stated that these laws embody a “Bharatiya” soul, reflecting India’s cultural and societal values, while also incorporating modern technological and forensic advancements. Dar Javed From July 1, India replaced colonial-era criminal laws with a set of three new penal laws. The Indian Penal Code of 1860 substituted by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita or the BNS, the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1973 gave way to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita or the BNSS, and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam or the BSB. The new laws introduce several critical changes aimed at addressing current challenges more effectively. For instance, the BNS now covers murder under Section 101, which was previously addressed under Section 302 of the IPC. Similarly, the offence of cheating, which was under Section 420 of the IPC, is now included under Section 316 of the BNS. Other notable changes include the renumbering and reclassification of various offences to streamline and simplify the legal process (India Today) (Hindustan Times). Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized that the new laws are designed to end the “tareekh-pe-tareekh” era, ensuring that justice is delivered within a stipulated timeframe of three years. He stated that these laws embody a “Bharatiya” soul, reflecting India’s cultural and societal values, while also incorporating modern technological and forensic advancements. Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the new laws as a “watershed moment” in Indian history, emphasizing that they represent a commitment to reform and modernization (Hindustan Times) (India Today). General Highlights End of Colonial Legacy: These reforms mark a departure from colonial-era laws, aligning the legal framework more closely with Indian values and contemporary realities (India Today). Swift and Transparent Justice: The new laws are expected to make the justice system more efficient, transparent, and responsive to current societal needs (India Today) (Hindustan Times). Integration of Modern Technology: Emphasis on technology and forensic advancements aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of law enforcement and legal proceedings (Hindustan Times). Government Statements Home Minister Amit Shah: Highlighted that these laws have a “Bharatiya” soul, reflecting India’s cultural values and commitment to delivering timely justice (India Today). Prime Minister Narendra Modi: Described the enactment of these laws as a “watershed moment” in India’s history, underscoring their role in modernizing the country’s legal framework and enhancing protections for the vulnerable (India Today). These reforms are anticipated to transform India’s criminal justice system, making it more relevant, efficient, and just for all citizens. Some other highlights explained: 1. Criminal case judgments must be delivered within 45 days after the trial ends. Charges must be framed within 60 days of the first hearing. All state governments must implement witness protection schemes to ensure the safety and cooperation of witnesses. 2. Statements from rape victims will be recorded by a female police officer in the presence of the victim’s guardian or relative. Medical reports must be completed within seven days. 3. A new chapter in the law addresses crimes against women and children. Buying or selling a child is classified as a heinous crime, punishable by severe penalties. Gang rape of a minor can result in a death sentence or life imprisonment. 4. The law now includes punishments for cases where women are abandoned after being misled by false promises of marriage. 5. Victims of crimes against women are entitled to receive regular updates on their cases within 90 days. All hospitals are required to provide free first aid or medical treatment to victims of crimes against women and children. 6. Both the accused and the victim are entitled to receive copies of the FIR, police report, charge sheet, statements, confessions, and other documents within 14 days. Courts are allowed a maximum of two adjournments to avoid unnecessary delays in case hearings. 7. Incidents can now be reported via electronic communication, eliminating the need to visit a police station. The introduction of Zero FIR allows individuals to file a First Information Report at any police station, regardless of jurisdiction. 8. An arrested person has the right to inform a person of their choice about their situation so that they can receive immediate support. Arrest details will be prominently displayed in police stations and district headquarters for easy access by families and friends. ( Some inputs from Hindustan Times) . Dar Javed writes on Polity Governance Art and Culture. And works on peace innitiatives in kashmir . Contact at darjaveed305@gmail.com

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